SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, irreversible dilation of the bronchi, and recurrent pulmonary infections, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, but is less studied from the point of view of its prevalence and associated factors not directly related to respiratory prognosis. As it is a disease related to the exacerbation of the inflammatory process and oxidative stress, this study searched to investigate the micronucleus frequency in patients with and without bronchiectasis treated at a specialized pulmonology service in a hospital in the extreme south of Brazil. METHODS: Patients with a confirmed tomographic diagnosis of bronchiectasis were defined as cases. Mutagenicity was evaluated by the micronucleus test in patients’ oral mucosa cells. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire containing socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, and health condition information. RESULTS: Of the 95 patients involved in this study, 21 (22.1%) were diagnosed with bronchiectasis aged between 12 and 89 years. There was no significant difference in the frequency of micronucleus between patients with and without bronchiectasis. There was a significant positive association between age and frequency of micronucleus among patients with bronchiectasis, but this association does not occur among patients without the disease. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to investigate data on the prevalence and clinical and epidemiological aspects of this chronic disease in Brazil, especially those related to the genotoxicity outcome.

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in the application of micronucleus (MN) assays in the clinical setting to investing the impact of environmental, genetic, life style and socioeconomic conditions on DNA. However, the evaluation of mutagenic damage among young population had not been studied and early intervention in this population can prevent several health comorbidities. Thus, the present study aimed in investigate the MN presence in young adults and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study, composed by 155 young adults (between 18 to < 30-year-old) of both sexes. The socioeconomic and life style data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Oral exfoliated cells were collected to evaluate the frequency of MN cells. Socioeconomic conditions and life style factors were not associated with the presence of MN. Twenty percent of the participants reported some chronic noncommunicable disease and almost twelve percent reports continued use of medication, both variables present a risk factor to prevalence of MN. Although mutagenesis is a process generally more related to older individuals, this study highlights the importance of monitored DNA damage between young adults and promote healthy habits to prevent the development and worse prognosis of chronic non-transmissible diseases and the consequent use of drugs.

Resumen: Existe un interés creciente en la aplicación de ensayos de micronúcleos (MN) en el entorno clínico para invertir el impacto de las condiciones ambientales, genéticas, de estilo de vida y socioeconómicas en el ADN. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado la evaluación del daño mutagénico en población joven y la intervención temprana en esta población puede prevenir varias comorbilidades de salud. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la presencia de MN en adultos jóvenes y sus factores asociados. Se trata de un estudio transversal, compuesto por 155 adultos jóvenes (entre 18 y <30 años) de ambos sexos. Los datos socioeconómicos y de estilo de vida se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado. Se recolectaron células exfoliadas orales para evaluar la frecuencia de células MN. Las condiciones socioeconómicas y los factores del estilo de vida no se asociaron con la presencia de MN. El veinte por ciento de los participantes reportó alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible y casi doce por ciento reportaron uso continuado de medicación, ambas variables presentan un factor de riesgo para la prevalencia de NM. Si bien la mutagénesis es un proceso generalmente más relacionado con las personas mayores, este estudio destaca la importancia de monitorear el daño del ADN entre los adultos jóvenes y promover hábitos saludables para prevenir el desarrollo y peor pronóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y el consecuente uso de medicamentos.

Abstract This research aimed to conduct a systematic review and metanalysis to compare the frequency of cell damage in crack users and nonusers, through Micronucleous (MN) test in buccal mucosa cells. A comprehensive search was carried out on MEDLINE via PubMeb, Web of Science, LILACS and the grey literature without restrictions. It was included case-control studies that report the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa of adult crack users and nonusers. A review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018115672), and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines for the report of this systematic review. Furthermore, study quality was evaluated using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies.The original search yielded 27 references, after eligibility criteriaonly five articles were included. The number of micronuclei was higher in crack users compared to nonusers. Also, secondary outcomes: binucleated cells, nuclear buds, pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis had higher prevalence in crack users.Crack use is associated with genotoxic and mutagenic effects because there is a higher frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated cells of crack users. In addition, MN test proved to be a goodbiomarker to assess the mutagenic impact of crack use in oral epithelium.

Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis para comparar la frecuencia de daño celular en usuarios de crack y sin crack, a través de la prueba de micronúcleos (MN) en células de la mucosa bucal. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en MEDLINE a través de PubMeb, Web of Science, LILACS y la literatura gris sin restricciones. Se incluyeron estudios de casos y controles que informaron la frecuencia de micronúcleos en la mucosa oral de usuarios adultos de crack y sin crack. Se registró un protocolo de revisión con PROSPERO (CRD42018115672), y se realizó de acuerdo con las pautas de PRISMA para el informe de esta revisión sistemática. Además, la calidad del estudio se evaluó mediante una escala Newcastle-Ottawa adaptada para estudios transversales. La búsqueda original arrojó 27 referencias, después de los criterios de elegibilidad se incluyeron un total de cinco artículos. El número de micronúcleos fue mayor en los usuarios de crack en compa ración con los usuarios sin crack. Además, los resultados secundarios de células binucleadas, yemas nucleares, picnosis, cario- rrexis y cariólisis tuvieron una mayor prevalencia en los usuarios de crack. El uso de crack se asocia con efectos genotóxicos y mutagénicos porque hay una mayor frecuencia de micronúcleos en las células exfoliadas de los usuarios de crack. Además, la prueba de MN demostró ser un buen biomarcador para evaluar el impacto mutagénico del uso de crack en el epitelio oral.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento da precocidade ao longo de nove anos de novilhos da raça Hereford e suas cruzas abatidas com dentição de leite até seis dentes. Foram analisadas aproximadamente 144 mil carcaças certificadas no programa Carne Pampa, entre os anos 2010 e 2018. Avaliou-se o incremento no peso de carcaça fria por ano em três épocas do ano: a estação quente foi definida de 26 de dezembro a 25 de maio, o vazio de outono foi definido entre 26 de maio a 25 de julho e a estação fria de 26 de julho a 25 de dezembro. Para avaliar o comportamento dos pesos de carcaça fria ao longo dos anos por estação, os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear simples. Os pesos médios por estação foram comparados por teste de comparação de médias. A época que apresentou maior peso médio de carcaça foi a estação fria, com 239,1 kg, que mostrou um incremento anual de 6,45 kg. Analisando o comportamento do peso médio de carcaça por dentição na estação fria, animais com dentição de leite apresentaram maior incremento de peso ao longo dos anos, na estação quente, animais abatidos com dois dentes apresentaram maior incremento de peso, assim como na estação vazio de outono. A categoria que apresentou menor incremento de peso nas três estações foram os animais abatidos com seis dentes. Concluiu-se que, ao longo dos nove anos, houve aumento na precocidade de abate em bovinos machos certificados no programa Carne Pampa.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse precocity behaviour over nine years in Hereford steers and their crosses, slaughtered with from zero to six teeth. Approximately 144,000 certified carcases in the Carne Pampa programme were analysed between 2010 and 2018. The increase in cold carcase weight per year was evaluated for three periods of the year: the hot season was defined as 26 December to 25 May, the autumn void was defined as 26 May to 25 July, and the cold season from 26 July to 25 December. To assess the behaviour of cold carcase weight over the years per season, the data were submitted to simple linear regression analysis. The average weights per season were compared by the mean value comparison test. The cold season had the highest mean carcase weight, with 239.1 kg, showing an annual increase of 6.45 kg. Analysing the behaviour of mean carcase weight by dentition, animals with zero teeth showed a greater weight increase over the years during the cold season as well as during the autumn void; during the hot season, animals slaughtered with two teeth showed the greater increase in weight. The category that showed the least increase in weight for all three seasons were animals slaughtered with six teeth. It was concluded that over the nine years, there was an increase in slaughter precocity in male cattle certified in the Carne Pampa programme.

Resumo Fundamento: A plastia da valva mitral, em pacientes pediátricos com cardiopatia reumática crônica, é superior à troca valvar e vem sendo utilizada com bons resultados. Objetivo: Identificar variáveis preditoras de desfecho desfavorável em crianças e adolescentes submetidos à valvoplastia mitral cirúrgica secundária à cardiopatia reumática. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo em 54 pacientes menores de 16 anos, operados em um hospital pediátrico terciário entre março de 2011 e janeiro de 2017. As variáveis preditoras de risco para desfecho desfavorável foram: idade, fração de ejeção, grau de insuficiência mitral, grau de hipertensão pulmonar, presença de insuficiência tricúspide, dilatação de câmaras esquerdas, classe funcional no pré-operatório, tempo de circulação extracorpórea, tempo de anóxia, presença de fibrilação atrial e tempo de uso de droga vasoativa. Os desfechos avaliados foram: morte, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, reoperação, insuficiência mitral residual, estenose mitral residual, acidente vascular cerebral, sangramento e troca valvar. Para todas as análises foi estabelecido valor de p < 0,05 como significante. Resultados: Dos pacientes avaliados, 29 (53,7%) eram do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 10,5 ± 3,2 anos. A classe funcional de 13 pacientes (25%) foi 4. Não houve morte na amostra estudada. O tempo médio de circulação extracorpórea foi de 62,7 ± 17,8 minutos e de anóxia 50 ± 15,7 minutos. O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa no pós-operatório imediato teve mediana de 1 dia (intervalo interquartil 1-2 dias). O modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado para avaliar as variáveis preditoras para o desfecho desfavorável. O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa foi o único preditor independente para os desfechos estudados (p = 0,007). A insuficiência mitral residual foi associada à reoperação (p = 0,044), enquanto a insuficiência tricúspide (p = 0,012) e a hipertensão pulmonar (p = 0,012) se associaram à presença de desfechos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: O tempo de uso de droga vasoativa é um preditor independente para desfechos desfavoráveis no pós-operatório imediato e tardio, enquanto insuficiência mitral residual se associou à reoperação e tanto a insuficiência tricúspide quanto a hipertensão pulmonar foram associadas a desfechos desfavoráveis.

Abstract Background: Mitral valve repair in paediatric patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease is superior to valve replacement and has been used with good results. Objective: To identify predictors of unfavourable outcomes in children and adolescents submitted to surgical mitral valvuloplasty secondary to rheumatic heart disease. Methods: Retrospective study of 54 patients under the age of 16 operated at a tertiary paediatric hospital between March 2011 and January 2017. The predictors of risk for unfavourable outcomes were: age, ejection fraction, degree of mitral insufficiency, degree of pulmonary hypertension, presence of tricuspid insufficiency, left chamber dilation, preoperative functional classification, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, duration of anoxia, presence of atrial fibrillation, and duration of vasoactive drug use. The outcomes evaluated were: death, congestive heart failure, reoperation, residual mitral regurgitation, residual mitral stenosis, stroke, bleeding and valve replacement. For all analyzes a value of p < 0.05 was established as significant. Results: Of the patients evaluated, 29 (53.7%) were female, with an average of 10.5 ± 3.2 years. The functional classification of 13 patients (25%) was 4. There was no death in the sample studied. The average duration of extracorporeal circulation was 62.7±17.8 min, and anoxia 50 ± 15.7 min. The duration of use of vasoactive drug in the immediate postoperative period has an average of 1 day (interquartile interval 1-2 days). The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the predictive variables for each unfavourable outcome. The duration of use of vasoactive drug was the only independent predictor for the outcomes studied (p = 0.007). Residual mitral insufficiency was associated with reoperation (p = 0.044), whereas tricuspid insufficiency (p = 0.012) and pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.012) were associated with the presence of unfavourable outcomes. Conclusion: The duration of vasoactive drug use is an independent predictor for unfavourable outcomes in the immediate and late postoperative period, while residual mitral regurgitation was associated with reoperation, and both tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension were associated with unfavourable outcomes.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística do componente regenerante e relacioná-la ao componente arbóreo adulto de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no Sul do Brasil, com o propósito de inferir sobre os processos de construção da comunidade de espécies arbóreas na área. Para isto, foram utilizadas cinco transecções de 100 x 20 m, alocadas em um fragmento florestal localizado no município de Lages-SC. Cada transecção foi formada por cinco parcelas, distantes 20 m entre si, subdividas em tamanhos distintos de acordo com a classe de tamanho da planta avaliada. Os componentes regenerante e adulto foram comparados quanto à organização florístico-estrutural (Análise de Variância Multivariada Permutacional e Análise de Espécies Indicadoras), riqueza (rarefação), distribuição espacial dos indivíduos das populações (Índice de Morisita Padronizado) e padrões de coexistência e segregação das espécies nas parcelas (Índice de C-score). Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas entre adultos e regenerantes em relação à similaridade florístico-estrutural e riqueza. O componente adulto apresentou maior proporção de populações com distribuição espacial aleatória e menor coexistência de espécies nas parcelas, em relação ao componente regenerante. Infere-se que a construção da comunidade está sujeita a processos ecológicos distintos, cujas intensidades de atuação dependem do estágio ontogenético considerado.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the floristic composition of the regenerative component and to relate it with the adult component of an Araucaria Forest fragment, in South Brazil, in order to infer about the process of tree species community assemblage. To do so, five 10 x 20 m transection were allocated, in a forest fragment located at municipality of Lages, SC state. Each transect was made up by five plots, 20 m from each other, subdivided in different sizes, according to the sampled size class. The adult and regenerative components were compared each other for floristic-structural organization (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Indicator Species Analysis), richness (rarefaction), population, individual spatial distribution (Standardized Morisita Index), and pattern of species coexistence or segregation in the studied plots (C-score Index). The results demonstrated significant differences between adults and regenerating components in relation to floristic-structural similarity and to richness. The adult component presented a greater proportion of populations with a random spatial distribution; and a smaller coexistence of species in plots than the regenerative component. We infer that the tree community assemblage is under influence of different ecological process, which intensity is ontogenetic dependent.